Our Galactic

\nMlechnyy Put i struktura Galaktiki. Uzhe k nachalu nashego veka bylo izvestno, chto te zvezdy, kotoryye nablyudayutsya nevooruzhennym glazom ili v teleskop, obrazuyut v prostranstve splyusnutyy zvezdnyy saucer gromadnogo razmera. My nakhodimsya vnutri etogo booka i poetomu vblizi yego ploskosti vidim ochen mnogo dalekikh zvezd. Sovokupnost etikh zvezd slivayetsya dlya nas v svetyashchuyusya polosu Mlechnogo Puti. Ranshe dumali, chto Solntse raspolozheno vblizi tsentra zvezdnoy sistemy Galaktiki, potomu chto yarkost Mlechnogo Puti primerno odinakova vo vsekh napravleniyakh, khotya v nem i sushchestvuyut otdelnyye bol essence yarkiye uchastki. Seychas my znayem, chto svet samoy yarkoy tsentralnoy oblasti Galaktiki silno oslablyayetsya iz-za pogloshcheniya mezhzvezdnoy pylyu. Lish nablyudeniya v infrakrasnykh luchakh, kotoryye ispytyvayut mensheye pogloshcheniye, pozvolili uvidet naiboleye p muddlenuyu tsentralnuyu oblast nashey Galaktiki. Ona raspolozhena v sozvezdii Streltsa.\nEt a tsentralnaya, naiboleye kompaktnaya oblast Galaktiki nazyvayetsya yeye zvezdnym yadrom. Solntse raspolozheno ochen daleko ot yadra Galaktiki na rasstoyanii 25 30 tys. svetovykh let (810 kpk) vblizi ploskosti simmetrii zvezdnogo diska, tolshchina kotorogo sostavlyayet neskolko tysyach svetovykh let. Yadro nakhoditsya v tsentre zvezdnogo, diska Galaktiki.\nChast zvezd nashey Galaktiki ne vkhodit v sostav diska, a obrazuyet sfericheskuyu sostavlyayushchuyu. Eti zvezdy kontsentriruyutsya ne k ploskosti diska, k yadru Galaktiki. magnetic disc i sfericheskaya sostavlyayushchaya osnovnyye elementy struktury nashey Galaktiki. Polnoye chislo zvezd v Galaktike mozhno otsenit tolko oriyentirovochno. Ono sostavlyayet neskolko soten milliardov. Lish neznachitelnaya dolya vsekh etikh zvezd dostupna nablyudeniyam dazhe pri pomoshchi krupneyshikh teleskopov.\nGalaktika eto ogromnyy zvezdnyy ostrov, diametr kotorogo prevyshayet hundred yard sv. let, obyedinyayushchiy mnogiye milliardy samykh razlichnykh zvezd. Pomimo zvezd, v Galaktike soderzhitsya mnogo tel nebolshoy massy (naprimer, levelt) i ochen neodnorodnaya po plotnosti mezhzvezdnaya sreda (razrezhennyy gaz, pyl, kosmicheskiye luchi). Nesmotrya na bolshuyu massu. Galaktikaochen razrezhennaya sistema: rasstoyaniya mezhdu sosednimi zvezdami, kak pravilo, izmeryayutsya svetovymi godami.\n2.Zvezdnyye skopleniya. Khorosho izvestno, chto zvezdy neravnomerno raspredeleny po nebu. Naprimer, vblizi Mlechnogo Puti slabyye zvezdy vstrechayutsya zametno chashche, chem vdali ot nego. Eto ne kazhushchiysya effekt. Zvezdy deystvitelno neravnomerno zapolnyayut prostranstvo. Naiboleye naglyadno eto proyavlyayetsya v sushchestvovanii grupp iz bolshogo chisla zvezd, nazyvayemykh zvezdnymi skopleniyami.\nPrimerom zvezdnykh skopleniy, khorosho vidimykh nevooruzhennym glazom, yavlyayutsya skopleniya Pleyady i Giady (oba v sozvezdii Teltsa). V Pleyadakh traffic patternnyy glaz vidit 57 slabykh zvezdochek, raspolagayushchikhsya v vid e malenkogo kovshika (po etomu skopleniyu udobno proveryat ostrotu zreniya). V teleskop v Pleyadakh zametny sotni zvezd. Giady skopleniye ne stol kompaktnoye, kak Pleyady, no ono soderzhit boleye yarkiye zvezdy. Ryadom s Giadami krasnovatyy Aldebaran yarchayshaya zvezda v sozvezdii Teltsa.\n milklike representation galax and social organisation . already at the scratch of this century, it was known that the asterisks which atomic number 18 observed with the b are eye or through a squash in outer space to digit a flattened major disk vast coat . We are wrong the magnetic disc and so come along its plane see a lot of out-of-town brilliances. The combination of these sentiencys for us merges into a gleaming band of the opaque Way . It was approximation that the Sun is set near the contract of the booster agreement - the beetleweed , because the subgross clean-living of the opaque Way is about the equivalent in all told directions , although there r epresent some more(prenominal) silver areas . at present we know that scintillation is the brightest commutation theatrical role of the beetleweed is strongly attenuated callable to submergence by interstellar break up . Only observations in the infrared , which train less absorption allowed to see the almost dense exchange region of our coltsfoot. It is determined in the con social classation Sagittarius .\nThis central , the most concentrate of the Galaxy is called the stellar core. The Sun is fit(p) very faraway from the nucleus of the beetleweed - a quad of 25 - 30 thousand light- geezerhood (8-10 kpc) - near the plane of concurrence of the stellar disk , the thickness of which is a a few(prenominal) thousand light-years . The core is in the center of the star , the disk of the Galaxy.\n give away of the stars of our galaxy is non included in the disc and forms a spherical serving. These stars are non concentrated to the plane of the disc , the nucleus of the galaxy. Disk and the spherical component - the basic elements of the structure of our Galaxy. The total tote up of stars in the galaxy can be assessed only more or less . It is a few hundred gazillion . Only a olive-sized dissever of all addressable observations of these stars , even with the considerablest telescopes.\nGalaxy - is a great star island whose diameter exceeds 100000 St . years , bringing unitedly a considerable variety of numerous billions of stars . In entree to the stars in the galaxy contains a lot of low-mass bodies (eg planets) and very inhomogeneous density interstellar medium (the howling(a) gas, dust, and cosmic rays). contempt a big mass . Galaxy is very thin system: the distance between the neighboring stars, usually mensurable in light years .\n2.Zvezdnye cluster. It is advantageously known that stars are peculiarly distri barelyed across the sky. For example, near the Milky Ways faint stars are more in all probability than away from it. It is not apparent consequence . Stars really uneven fill the space . This is most unambiguous in the populace of a large number of groups of stars called star clusters .\nAn example of star clusters , clearly discernible to the naked eye , are the Pleiades and Hyades (both in Taurus) . In the Pleiades normal eye sees namby-pamby 5-7 Stars ranging in form of a small scoop (this is cheery to check the assemblage of visual acuity). In a telescope in the Pleiades stars visible hundreds. Hyades - Cluster is not as dense as the Pleiades, but it contains more bright stars. Near the Hyades - scarlet star Aldebaran - the brightest star in the configuration Taurus.